Alexander III of Macedon popularly known to history as Alexander the Great was an Ancient Greek king (basileus) of Macedon. Born in 356 BC Alexander succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon to the throne in 336 BC and died in Bablyon in 323 BC at the age of 32.

Alexander was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and it is presumed that he was undefeated in battle. By the time of his death he had conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire adding it to Macedon's European territories; according to some modern writers this was much of the world then known to the ancient Greeks.