Advances in science-based medicine have greatly increased the range of applications to the body and mind of human beings blurring the boundaries between what is to be considered a state of health or illness. A large number of interventions already have a distinguished history such as organ transplants pharmacological enhancement plastic surgery etc. Other developments such as delaying the process of aging by manipulating the molecular markers on our DNA so far remain promises (or threats?) for the future. In this regard this book focuses on ethical historical and epidemiological perspectives on medical interventions into the healthy/diseased human body in mid-life including issues such as enhancement surgical interventions and the ethics of transhumanism.