The People of the Abyss (1903) is a book by Jack London made up of his first hand account of life in the East End of London.
Here London describes the Whitechapel district where he lived for several weeks in 1902. London attempted to understand the working-class of this deprived area of his namesake city. To this end he slept in workhouses or on the streets. He stayed as a lodger with a poor family. The conditions he experienced and wrote about were the same as those endured by an estimated 500000 of the contemporary London poor.
London would also use the expression "the people of the abyss" in The Iron Heel (1907) his work of dystopian science fiction.